“I can’t go out with skin like this”

Acne is one of the most common adolescent skin concerns. As a paediatrician I see how it can impact not just the skin, but also self-esteem and confidence. I also see how parents avoid talking to their teenager about it, worrying that mentioning bad skin will make the problem worse – although this is rarely the case. Discussing it and finding solutions together is the first step to healing both the skin and the mind.

Acne is primarily triggered by hormonal changes that occur during puberty. These hormones, particularly the male sex hormones (androgens), cause the sebaceous (oil) glands in the skin to enlarge and produce more oil (sebum). This excess oil, combined with dead skin cells, can clog pores and create an environment where bacteria thrive, leading to inflammation and breakouts. 

There are several different types of acne:

Whiteheads: Clogged pores that stay closed.

Blackheads: Clogged pores that open and darken.

Papules: Small, red, inflamed bumps.

Pustules: Pimples with pus at the tip.

Nodules and cysts: Large, painful lumps under the skin, often leading to scarring.

Healthy nutrition, optimal sleep and managing stress will all undoubtedly go some way to prevent acne, but some simple tips to manage and prevent acne include:

Be Gentle with Your Skin · Harsh scrubbing and abrasive products can irritate the skin and worsen acne. Use a mild cleanser twice a day and pat the skin dry with a clean towel.

Don’t Pick or Squeeze Pimples · This can push bacteria deeper into the skin, increasing inflammation and the risk of scarring.

Use Non-Comedogenic Products · Look for makeup, moisturizers, and sunscreens labeled “non-comedogenic,” which means they won’t clog pores.

Consider Over-the-Counter Treatments · Ingredients like benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, and adapalene can help treat mild to moderate acne. Start with lower strengths to avoid irritation.

Stick to a Routine · Skincare treatments take time to work. Consistency is key, and many over-the-counter treatments can take 6–8 weeks to show improvement.

When to Seek Help

 If acne is severe, painful, or causing emotional distress, it's time to get medical help. Prescription treatments include topical retinoids, antibiotics, or hormonal therapies.

It’s important to recognize that acne doesn’t just affect the skin—it can also impact mental health. Feelings of embarrassment, anxiety, or social withdrawal are common. It needs to be talked about, not ignored. Adolescents should be empowered with the knowledge and the tools they need to navigate acne with confidence.